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核心词汇辨析104组1、abide, adhere, conform, comply“遵守”。
abide v.后接by表示“遵守,同意”。
I will abide by the director' decision.我将遵从主任的决定。
adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持;粘附”也经常被考到。)
Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。
conform v.后接to表示“遵守,符合”。
All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。
comply v.后接with表示“遵守,服从”,用于正式的场合。
Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。
2、abnormal, uncommon, disordered “反常的”
abnormal a.不正常的,反常的(但并非罕见),指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。
His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常,最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常,但生活中也时有发生。)
uncommon a.罕见的,不平常的,指很少经历或很少见到的状况;特别的,出色的。
Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。
That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great! 那速溶咖啡质量上乘,味道好极了!
disordered a.混乱的,杂乱的;(精神或身体)有病的。
We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。
3、abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish 都有“取消,除掉”的意思。
abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除;完全破坏。
The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。
cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消;删去(字、句)。
The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。
eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。
The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了,不能参加下一阶段的比赛。
The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。
dispose v.处理,处置;表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)
After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。
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13、acute, critical, crucial, urgent"严重的,重要的"意思。acute a.剧烈的,严重的;急性的(病)。
An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏,伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。
critical a.意为"关键的",表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点,与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量;还指"批判性的,分析性的"。
It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习,则你会不及格的。
crucial a.意为"决定性的,紧要关头的,至关重要的",最为笼统,适用于上述两种情况。
Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。
urgent a.意为"紧迫的,急迫的,紧要的",它不强调所指的问题是最重要的,仅强调"紧急的"状态。
We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助,我们的水就快要用光了。
14、adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary都含有"调整、改变"的意思。
adjust v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整;修理。
I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。
regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节,使之准确工作或运行;多含有"控制"之意。
Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。
rectify v.纠正,校正(错误、文章、合同等)。
He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。
amend v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。
The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。
convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途,还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。
Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。
He's converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。
alter v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。
The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。
modify v.改变,修改,以使某物更趋完善,还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。
He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗声大气,脾气暴躁;朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。
transform v.指彻底、深远的改变,这种变化完全改变了外观或特性,使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。
Remodeling transformed an old, dark house into a cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。
vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。
Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。
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18、aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify 这一组动词都有"加强"的意思。aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等),使之恶化。
I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了,而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。
reinforce v.增援,一般用于军队或警察的行动;(添材料等)加固。
A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行,用无线电话要求增援。
increase v.指数量上的增加。
The number of people has been increased.人数增加了。
strengthen v.加强,巩固,增强,相当于to become stronger。
Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。
Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。
intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈,加剧,相当于to become more intense or intensive。
intensify colors加深色彩intensify hatred加深仇恨
19、alert, cautious, considerate都表示"小心的,谨慎的"。
alert a.警惕的,留神的。
The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边,时刻准备给大家斟酒。
cautious a.细心的,谨慎的。
He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。
considerate a.关心他人的,体贴的。
He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人,并且慈祥而富有同情心。
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23、ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim "模糊"ambiguous a.意义含糊的,有歧义的,指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。
His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。
obscure a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。
The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references. 艾兹拉•庞德的诗有时候难以理解,因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。
vague a.含混的,不清楚的,多用于比喻意义,用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚,该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。
He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么,但没有具体的计划。
unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚,使人难以看懂;不肯定的。
Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。
It is unclear whether the economy will get better.经济是否好转仍不明朗。
dim a.光线暗淡的,看不清的;记忆力模糊的;不大可能的。
Don't work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光线下工作。
His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康复的可能性十分渺茫。
24、amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand
amplify v.扩大,增加,尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大;补充叙述(故事、事件等)。
We must ask you to amplify your statement.我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。
enlarge v.扩大,多指具体物品如相片的放大。
enlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house扩建房屋
stretch v. (有弹性地)伸展,延伸,并有可能超过限度;伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。
The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。
Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早间工作之后,职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。
magnify v.放大,指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。
His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能够阅读。
reinforce v.增援,加固。
expand v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大,也可以指内容细节的充实。
The balloon expanded, then exploded.气球先是膨胀,然后就爆破了。
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25、anger, fury, indignation, resentment"愤怒、生气"anger n.气愤,生气,是一般用语。
After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.争吵之后,他一拳打在那个人的脸上以发泄怒气。
fury n.暴怒,大怒,程度较anger要强。
indignation n.义愤,尤其指出于道义上的激愤。
general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤
resentment n.愤恨,怨恨,不满,是正式用语,尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到伤害后而产生的愤慨。
There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工资降低后,办公室里怨声载道。
26、apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct
这一组形容词都有"明显的"之意。
apparent a.明显的,显而易见的,尤指容易观察或认识到的事物。
He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高兴,显然他现在想走了。
evident a.明白的,明显的,与apparent基本同意,多用于推理或由事实证明的事物。
It is evident that he is guilty; his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.显然他是有罪的,在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。
manifest a.清楚的,明显的,多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义,常作表语。
Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出众,但长相并不动人。
obvious a.明显的,显而易见的,含有无可辩白,不需证明之意。
It is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.很显然,那个妇女酒喝的太多了。
distinct a.清楚的,明显的;不同的,独特的。修饰性质明显不同的东西。
Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治疗已使他的健康有了明显的好转。
27、applaud, clap, commend, praise
applaud v.鼓掌,赞扬,指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许,大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。
The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表扬了我的工作,对我的努力表示赞许。
clap v.拍打,其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能说applaud one's hands。clap sb.为某人鼓掌,clap sth.拍打某物
commend v.为正式用词,用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖,通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。
The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。
praise v.为一般用词,用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕;赞颂,赞美。
A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。
Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。
28、area, district, region, vicinity, zone有"区域"的意思。
area n.泛指面积较大的地区;面积;专业领域。
The New York area has high rents.纽约地区房租很高。
district n.行政区划的小范围地区。如Xicheng district西城区
region n.行政区划上更大的地区,如"自治区";身体部位。
The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。
vicinity n.周围地区,附近地区。
The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.警察都十分警惕因为逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地区。
zone n.指特定的地方、地带。
The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通过法律,在一些空地上开辟商业区。
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29、assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium都表示"会议"的意思。assembly n.集合,集会。
The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.学生们在大礼堂举行集会。
conference n. (专门性的)会议,讨论会。
The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.关于世界经济问题的会议在日内瓦召开。
congress n.代表大会,(美国的)国会。
Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美国国会通过的法律,人民一定要遵守。
rally n. (鼓舞士气的)集会;群众性集会。
The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教练召开了一个动员会,以便鼓舞士气打好下次比赛。
seminar n. (大学的)研究班,研讨会。
During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里,一些教师在学院里参加研究班。
session n. (一届)会议,回合。
the autumn session of Parliament议会的秋季会议
summit n.最高级会议,峰会(通常为领导人参加)。
Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年将在维也纳举行最高级会谈。
symposium n. (学术、科研方面的)座谈会,专题报告会。
The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研讨会持续了两天。
30、assessment, estimate, evaluation有"评估"的意思。
assessment n.评估,估价,常常表示对于财产、价值的评估。
We have a low assessment on our property.我们对我们的资产评估很低。
estimate n.估计,强调进行评估得出的结果,常与give搭配。
The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.机械师给我的汽车修理费的粗略估计是200或300美元。
evaluation n. (对于能力,价值、工作业绩的)评价,估价,常带有肯定的、正确的含义。
He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他对于我们的科学研究给予了积极的评价。
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31、associate, ally, combine, unite都有"联合"的意思。associate v.交往,结交;联系,联想。多指平等友好的合作,后接with,表示与某人交往或合作,后接in表示在某个方面合作。
We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里,我们同邻居交往。
ally v.使结盟,使联姻,多与with搭配。
Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。
combine v.联合,化合,混合,多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。
The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。
unite v.联合,合并,团结,尤指不同的事物或人组成统一体,强调结果的一致性。
The nation united against its enemy.国民团结一致共同对敌。
32、average, common, general, universal, usual
这一组形容词都有"普通"的意思。
average a.普通的,一般的,它强调的是一般水准或普通水准;通常在有数字出现的情况下,表示"平均的"。
The average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.跑步者15分钟内平均跑两英里。
common a.常见的,普通的,不足为奇的,有时引申为"平凡的",强调事物的共同性。另外,它还有"公共的,共同的"之意。
Car accidents are a common occurrence.交通事故是很普通的事件。
general a.普通的,一般的,表示涉及到各方面,强调整体性而非个别和例外,该词的反义词为particular。
In general, the economy is doing well now.总的来说,现在的经济形式还不错。
universal a.普遍的,比general语气更强,有"全然没有例外"的意思。
Poverty is a universal problem all over the world.贫困是世界各地普遍存在的问题。
usual a.通常的,惯常的,强调"习惯性的,符合规章制度的",是个一般用语。
33、award, reward
award v.指正式地或官方地颁发,授予,给予;也可以指法庭裁决给予。后面可跟双宾语。
The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。
reward v.酬劳,奖赏,回报,通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到报酬或酬谢,其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。后跟with用来说明以何物作为报酬。
I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我将出50美元,酬谢帮我找回丢失的狗的人。
34、aware, conscious
aware a.知道的,意识到的,强调感官对外界事物的意识。
He was aware of his mistake.他意识到自己的错误。
conscious a.有意识的,意识到的,一般指内心所意识到的。
The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.销售员意识到他必须增加销售量。
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34、base, foundation, ground都有"基础"的意思。base n.指具体的有形的基础,也可指物体的底部、基部;基地,总部。
They use their apartment in New York as a home base from which they travel frequently.他们把纽约的公寓作为他们频繁出行的大本营。
foundation n.本义指建筑物的地基,坚实的基础的意思;基金会。
The foundation for our house is made of cement.我们房子的地基是水泥打下的。
ground n.地面,土地,也指地域,水底,海底。
35、basic, elementary, fundamental
basic a.基本的,基础的,既可用于具体事物,也可用于抽象事物。
He has a basic understanding of the problem.他对问题有基本的了解。
elementary a.初步的,初级的。elementary school小学
fundamental a.根本性的,一般只用于抽象的事物;必要的,必须的。
Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。
36、beam, chuckle, giggle, grin, jeer, laugh, roar, sneer这一组都有"笑"的意思,而它们之间的差别也是明显的。
beam v.本义指照耀,放光,引申为"微笑",是正式用语,指面带喜悦或笑容,暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。
She beamed with happiness.她高兴得眉开眼笑。
chuckle v. (书面语)吃吃的笑,抿嘴笑,轻声笑,多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。
She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.她没有笑出声来,只是抿嘴而笑。
giggle v.咯咯地笑,痴笑,傻笑,多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。
The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walked into their classroom.当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时,女生们都咯咯地笑起来。
grin v.露齿而笑,指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。
He grinned at his mother.他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。
jeer v.讥笑,嘲笑,其同义词是mock。
The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.当那个拳手被人打倒时,人群开始嘲笑他。
laugh v.笑,大笑,用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。
roar v.怒吼,咆哮,引申为放声大笑,哄堂大笑。
He roared when he heard the joke.听完这个笑话,他哈哈大笑。
sneer v.冷笑,嘲笑,指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。
He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.他对报价嗤之以鼻,说它太低了。 Html 代码 禁用
